The Doctrine Of Double Effect - 2007 Words

The doctrine (or principle) of double effect is often invoked to explain the permissibility of an action that causes a serious harm, such as the death of a human being, as a side effect of promoting some good end (McIntyre, 2004) . According to the principle of double effect (DDE), there are times where it is permissible to cause harm – as a side effect of bringing about a good result, even though it would not be acceptable to cause such harm as a means to providing the same good end. I will now refer to two philosophers whom justify and discuss the premise behind the doctrine of double effect. Thomas Aquinas (2003) is acknowledged for his work introducing the principle of double effect in his discussion of the permissibility of self-defense in the Summa Theologica (II-II, Qu. 64, Art.7). Aquinas’ argues killing one’s assailant is defensible; however, their intention mustn’t have been to kill them. Nothing delays one act from causing two effects; one of intention, the other beside. Accordingly, the act of self-defense may have two effects: one, the saving of one s life; the other, the slaying of the aggressor (Aquinas, Regan, Baumgarth, 2003). Aquinas continues this point of direction justifying this defensive action as a means to a goal. Dissimilarly Augustine (1947) claims that killing in self-defense is not permissible; asserting the application of self-defense is conjured from some degree inordinate self-love. Aquinas redirects by discussing the permissibility ofShow MoreRelatedThe Doctrine Of Double Effect1163 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction to Ethics in the Healthcare Setting Doctrine of Double Effect The Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE) is utilized in the explanation of the permissibility of dealings and actions that result in impairment for example, death of a person, as a result of achieving some good at the end. This explains that it is sometimes acceptable to harm someone if the action will evoke some good at the end (Mclntyre 42). This reasoning was introduced by Thomas Aquinas but has developed and many versions ofRead MoreThe Doctrine of Double Effect2090 Words   |  8 Pagesa moral dilemma of having to kill someone. This is where the Doctrine of Double Effect comes into play. The Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE) is a principal which aims to provide specific guidelines for determining when it is morally permissible to perform an action in the pursuit of a positive outcome with the full knowledge that the action will also bring about an evil consequence. (Solomon, 2014). Although the Doctrine of Double Effect is viewed as a positive theory by man, it is unjust in that itRea d MoreThe Doctrine Of Double Effect877 Words   |  4 Pagessuppression of respirations. However, the Doctrine of Double Effect helps to determine if the act is permissible. With this particular case, Nicolas is faced with the situation of either facing unbearable pain or taking morphine to ease the pain in his last months of life. Before this case can be analyzed according to the Doctrine of Double Effect, one must first consider the act, good effect, and bad effect. In this case, the act is the use of morphine. The good effect that comes from the act is the reliefRead MoreEssay on The Doctrine of Double Effect1307 Words   |  6 PagesCase Assignment: The doctrine of double effect says that the pursuit of good is not as acceptable if the harm that results is intended rather than merely foreseen (Lippert-Rasmussen, 2010). To some it is a nonabsolutist moral principle in which as long as significant good resulted from the action, it is allowable (Lippert-Ramussen, 2010). Scanlon believed that an act that leads to the death of an innocent person can never be justified by the good that results (Lippert-Ramussen, 2010). ScanlonsRead MoreProblems With The Doctrine Of Double Effect1904 Words   |  8 PagesJessie Buckler Term Paper Philosophy 3300 April 25, 2016 PROBLEMS WITH THE DOCTRINE OF DOUBLE EFFECT Defenders of the Doctrine of Double Effect argue that there is a morally significant distinction, which bears on the rightness of actions, between those consequences of our actions that are intended and those that are foreseen. Utilitarians often use this doctrine to describe their stance on the topic of harming others. This paper will look at three situations that are commonly used to defendRead MoreDoctrine of Double Effect Essay1464 Words   |  6 PagesAlecia Rhines Doctrine of Double Effect Trident University What is the Doctrine of Double Effect? The doctrine of double effect if often invoked to explain the permissibility of an action that causes a serious harm, such as the death of a human being, as a side effect of promoting good ends. It is claimed that sometimes it is permissible to cause such harm as a side effect of bringing about a good result even though it would not be permissible to cause such harm as a means to bringing aboutRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Double Effect : Writing Assignment1176 Words   |  5 PagesEvan Bakker Professor Cole Honors Ethics 6 February 2015 The Doctrine of Double Effect: Writing Assignment 1 The method of reflective equilibrium is a method that is a state in which our moral principles are in accord with our intuitive moral judgements. There are two different kinds of reflective equilibrium: narrow reflective equilibrium, which is when one’s intuitive judgements concerning a rather restricted set of cases is rendered consistent with a set of general moral principles, where asRead MoreThe Problem Of Abortion And The Doctrine Of Double Effect1775 Words   |  8 PagesIn The Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of Double Effect , Phillipa Foot takes into account what is called the Doctrine of Double Effect (henceforth DDE), which appeals to two effects that an action causes - one intended at and desired, the other foreseen as a consequence of the action but undesired. She uses this doctrine to critically examine its application and thereby assert that My conclusion is that the distinction between direct and oblique intention (the DDE) plays only a quiteRead MoreT he Doctrine Of The Separate Legal Entity1386 Words   |  6 Pagesact is the doctrine of the separate legal entity. Section 1.5.1 of the act outlines the separate legal entity theory, legislated as a company being distinct from its owners, managers, operators, employees and agents. Though, the doctrine of separate legal entity has been argued as a double edged sword. A ‘double edged sword’ is defined by Oxford as ‘a situation or course of action having both positive and negative effects.’ The separate legal entity doctrine is evident of being a ‘double edged sword’Read MoreThe Debate Over Physician Assisted Suicide951 Words   |  4 Pagesdetermined by the doctrine of double effect. The doctrine of double effect states that an action is morally permissible if the bad effect is not intended but may be foreseen; if the act is not intrinsically wrong; and if good effect is the result of the action, not the bad effect. This doctrine can be used to determine whether or not providing the diamorphine is morally permissible. With the doctor committing to giving the diamorphine, he is satisfying all the requirements for the double effect. The intent

William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet - 1521 Words

Normally when something goes wrong, people will point fingers and blame the person responsible. In William Shakespeare’s story, â€Å"Romeo and Juliet,† two teenagers fall in love with each other, but due to some characters’ actions, Romeo and Juliet die. Their loss turns the love story into a tragedy. The Capulet’s house, Friar Laurence, and Romeo can be held responsible for the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. The first ones to be blamed for the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet are the people in the Capulet’s house because of the mistakes they made and how rough the men were. One reason why the Capulet house is responsible for the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet is because of their messenger. The messenger is accountable of their deaths because in the†¦show more content†¦This would have changed the plot immensely. The second person from the Capulet’s house who is responsible for the tragedy is Tybalt. Tybalt wanted to fight Romeo as revenge fo r Romeo coming to the ball, but when they fought, Tybalt missed Romeo and killed Mercutio instead. So when Mercutio died, Romeo killed Tybalt (792). This shows that Tybalt is liable because his actions led to Romeo’s exile, which made Juliet depressed since her husband was no longer allowed in Verona. But when she was grieving, everyone else thought she was upset about her cousin’s death. This then led to the forced, arranged marriage between Juliet and Paris, because Lord Capulet thought a cheerful event would overshine the past deaths. Due to this, however, Juliet and Friar Laurence made the plan which lead to the tragedy of the story. The last person from the Capulet’s house is Lord Capulet. When Juliet refuses to marry Paris, Lord Capulet says to her, â€Å"I’ll give you to my friend; and you be not hang, beg, starve, die in the streets, for by my soul, I’ll ne’er acknowledge thee, nor what is mine shall ne’er do the good. Trust to’t, bethink you: I’ll not be forsworn† (814). This shows that Lord Capulet is guilty for the adversity because Juliet didn’t want to be disowned by her father, but also she did not want to take vows with Paris. This caused Juliet to go to the Friar, and

A summary of The significance of the Frontier by Frederick free essay sample

Turner considered that vital since the official American history up 2 that time consisted of he colonization of the West that It was this that explained American development. The West compelled Pl to adapt themselves 2 developing each area out of Its primitive economic/political conditions. Its isolation led to the need of transportation. -The American frontier Is distinct from the European frontier due 2 an abundance of free land. Its Isolation led to the need of transportation. -Although the frontier forced Pl to change (switch from railroad car to canoe) it still maintains frontier characteristics after being settled. Thus, the frontier meant a teddy movement away form the Influence of Europe. -The areas that had been settled upon were a source of political concern since it was surrounded by Indians. The frontier led to trade between Indians whites. I. E. Astor American Fur co. Operated in the Indian trade. -The need to expand Is Inherent In Americans (Ruler Canal, extension of cotton culture). We will write a custom essay sample on A summary of The significance of the Frontier by Frederick or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page -California(gold rush) was a distinctive frontier. Now settlers needed means of communication w/the East. -Railroads (aided by land grants) increased the influx of immigrants into the Far West.Natural boundary lines which affected the characteristics of the frontiers_ 1) fall line 2) Allegheny Mats. 3) Mississippi/Missouri (direction North south) 4)99th 1 OFF -Frontiers similar in many ways.. 1) Indian problem 2) each settlement of one frontier served as a guide for the next for example, the mining experience in Wisconsin was applied to the Sierras. -Frontier differences: The frontier reached by the railroad, guarded by the US army, moved forward at a swifter pace and in a different way than the frontier reached by the canoe/horse.The unequal rate of settlement is what forces the distinction between various frontiers(traders,miner etc). -Colonies initially supported the fur trade and pushed forward exploration because of it. Unarmed Indians traded w/the trader to obtain weapons thus, ending the primitive Indian life. -In spite of tensions between frontiers such as, the trader and farmer, Indian trade pioneered the way for civilization. The buffalo trail became the Indian trail, this in turn was the traders traces. Thus civilization in America has followed the arteries dad by geology and these paths have been broadened and interwoven into the mazes of modern commercial lines. -The finding of salt springs released the original settlers from reliance on sea coasts. Salt was used 4 preserving food. This in turn allowed us to decrease our dependence on G. B. (more difficult to transport goods/carry of raw materials). Those materials gave way to diversified agriculture. -The steady advance of farmers was the result of their search 4 fertile land out west. -Symbolized freedom.Indentured servants who completed their work could obtain and, immigrants where Americanizes and fused into a mixed race. The growth of nationalism and the evolution of American political constitutions were dependent on the advance of the frontier. -The pioneer needed the goods of the coast. Thus came the demand for internal improvements which led to sectional voting/debates and resulted in loose construction(land ordinance of 1787). The gobo. Tried using land as a source of revenue. Jackson Just gave away land to settlers. Legislation was made w/regard to the frontier. I. E. Land, tariff, and internal improvements. Ability killed nationalism since the western frontier worked in unsettling population. The frontier promoted democracy here in Euro. It promoted individualism. It was W. NY that forced an extension of suffrage. It was this individualism that induced America to allow a laxity in regard to governmental affairs -W. Statesman was inferior in logic to an old Valor. Statesman/slaves. But when he went home he takes hold of the plow which gave him muscle and allowed him to preserve his republican principles -The East always feared an unregulated advance of the frontier, and tried to check and guide it.

The Existence Of God Essays - Arguments For The Existence Of God

The Existence Of God Philosophy as defined by our required text is said to be the love of wisdom. It is the search for the larger picture, the demand for knowledge. There are many questions in philosophy, many involving the subject of religion. Does God exist? Should we believe in God? Is belief in God justified? These are just some of the questions attempted to be answered in philosophy. Every philosopher has a different opinion on the existence of God. St. Anselm (1033-1109) was a Benedictine monk; his philosophical views were very much influenced by Plato (Mavrodes 26). His greatest works were Monologium, Proslogium, Cur Dues Homo. St. Anselm had many views on God and religion, but instead of asking if God existed, he asks if the nonexistence of God was conceivable (Mavrodes 26). To proof this statement he followed it up with several statements such as: Truly there is a God, although the fool hath said in his heart, there is no God. In addition, God cannot be conceived not to exist. God is that, than which nothing greater can be conceived. That which can be conceived not to exist is not God. This is also known as the ontological argument. St. Anselm argued that if there was a being that nothing greater could be conceived to exist, that it cannot even be conceived not to exist; then this being has to be God. Therefore, God must exist. St Thomas Aquinas (1226-1274) belonged as a member to the Dominican Order as a university lecturer. He wrote a lot, and of those many works his principal ones were Summa Theologica which is said to be the most comprehensive official theological statement of the Roman Catholic Church and the Summa Contra Gentiles (Mavrodes 42). Aquinas also believed in the existence of God, with this he formulated five proofs of God's existence. Of this the most widely known is the cosmological argument, this states that everything must be caused or created from something else. Therefore, there must be a first cause, and this is God (Soloman 90). Another well-known argument is the teleological argument. The basis of this argument for the existence of God is the threat against the finite structure of being, against the unity of polar elements (Tillich 210). This argument has also been called the argument from design. Due to the fact that the universe has been designed by a great architect is to assume a great part of the conclusion is to be proved. In this argument the author also argues that the author of nature is somewhat similar to the mind of man; though possessed of much lager faculties, proportioned to the grandeur of the work he executed (Mavrodes 109). There is also belief in the existence of God through the process of evolution. Almost all species have gone extinct at one time. The only species that survived were the ones headed to evolve a brain. Only God could have done this. If everybody knows who God is, then obviously God must of put the idea of himself into our heads because he is infinite. In philosophy, there are many theories about the existence of God, some more reasonable than others. Every philosophers has developed their own proofs and opinions on the subject, and until God comes down to earth or gives proof of his existence, then their will still be arguments on his existence. The Ontological, Cosmological, and Theological are all well known proofs, this proofs have brought much light and controversy to the argument, and as well as provoking the question to the existence of God.